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Lake Afrera (also transliterated as Lake Afdera) is a hypersaline lake in northern Ethiopia. Located in Administrative Zone 2 of the Afar Region, it is one of the lakes of the Danakil Depression. According to its entry in Lakenet, it has a surface area of ,〔(Lake profile: Afrera ye'ch'ew ) (accessed 27 April 2007)〕 although another source states the area is 12,500 hectares.〔Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, (''A directory of African wetlands'' ), (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 168〕 An unconfirmed report gives its depth as ; the lake is fed by underground streams.〔 It is also known as Lake Giulietti, the name Raimondo Franchetti bequeathed it, after the Italian explorer Giuseppe Maria Giulietti who was slain by Afars southwest of the lake.〔Jon Kalb, ''Adventures in the Bone Trade'' (New York: Copernicus Books, 2001), p. 72〕 Another name for this body of water is Lake Egogi (or Egogi Bad), which is the name L.M. Nesbitt's Afar guide gave it when the British explorer became the first European to see it in 1928.〔Nesbitt, ''Hell-Hole of Creation: The Exploration of Abyssinian Danakil'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935), p. 337〕 The single island in Lake Afrera, Franchetti Island (also known as "Deset"), located in the southern part of the lake, is considered the lowest-lying island in the world.〔Philip Briggs, ''Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide'', 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), p. 314〕 Unlike other saline lakes in Ethiopia (e.g., Lakes Abijatta, Shala, and Chitu), the pH of Lake Afrera is low and in the acidic range. Although little studied, a few species of fish are hosted by Lake Afrera, including two endemics: ''Danakilia franchettii'' (a cichlid) and ''Aphanius stiassnyae'' (syn. ''Lebias stiassnyae''; a pupfish).〔("527: Western Red Sea Drainages" ), Freshwater ecosystems of the world website (accessed 11 November 2009)〕 == Salt extraction == Rock salt has been mined at Lake Afrera, and the surrounding part of the Afar Depression, for centuries. Lt. Lefebvre recorded some of the hazards of mining salt from the Depression, which he heard from one of the miners himself: : He said that this lake often changes its shape and place, which he expressed in these terms: the lake moves. Often, he added, on going to a place which the evening before was quite solid, you suddenly break through, and disappear in the abyss. But what is more frightful is the overflow of the waters: sometimes the lake rises like a mountain, and falls again into the plain like a deluge; entire caravans, men and beasts are engulphed. There are, however, precursory signs, of which mounted men only can take advantage, by flying at the utmost speed of the animals; occasionally some of them have thus escaped, and it is from them these terrible details are procured.〔Henry James, ''Routes in Abyssinia; Presented to the house of Commons, in pursuance of their Address dated November 26, 1867'' (London, 1867), p. 200〕 More recently, the Ethiopian Mineral Resources Development Enterprise has established the existence of 290 million tons of salt at Lake Afrera alone. Some local companies used to produce salt from the lake by pumping the brine into artificial ponds for evaporation and subsequent precipitation.〔(Current Exploration and Mining ), Geological Survey of Ethiopia Web Page (accessed 26 January 2009)〕 Following the 2011 eruption of Nabro, the lake is contaminated with sulphuric acid, making the salt inedible. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lake Afrera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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